sekarang bahasa inggris juga menjadi standar wisuda, jadi bgi tman-tman harus tau bahasa inggris.
langsung, saja saya akan membagi ilmu, tentang bahasa inggris Adverbial Clause (Adv. C) :
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1. Adv. C of Time
Conjunction-nya: when (= ketika), whenever
(= kapan saja), while (= sementara / ketika), as soon as
(= segera setelah), since (= sejak), before (=
sebelum), after (= sesudah), until / till (=
sampai).
Contoh:
▪
He
came in when I was typing.
Keterangan:
He
came in …: Main Clause / Independent Clause.
… when
I was typing: Sub(ordinate) Clause / Dependent Clause.
▪
I
have been busy since I last saw you.
▪
I
left just as he entered.
2.
Adv.
C of Place
Conjunction-nya: where (= dimana), wherever
(= dimana saja / kemana saja), as far as (= sejauh).
Contoh:
▪
I
put the flash disk where I found it.
▪
I
shall go wherever you go.
▪
I
shall come as far as I can.
3.
Adv.
C of Manner
Conjunction-nya: as (= seperti), as
if / as though (= seolah-olah).
Contoh:
▪
Pronounce
the word as I do.
▪
She
talks as if she knew
everything.
▪
He
behaves as if he were a
manager.
Catatan:
Like (= seperti) diikuti oleh kata atau phrase
bukan clause / kalimat.
Contoh:
Don’t
talk like (= seperti) that. (Simple Sentence)
Jika
ada like yang diikuti clause / kalimat, pemakaiannya tidak
baku dan terdapat dalam American English.
Contoh:
Pronounce
the word like (= seperti) I do.
4.
Adv.
C of Cause / Reason
Conjunction-nya: because, as, since, now that,
seeing that, considering that, in that (= karena).
Contoh:
▪
As / since there was no one there, I went away.
▪
He
was absent from work because he was sick. (Complex Sentence)
Catatan:
Because dan syinonimnya di atas diikuti oleh clause
/ kalimat bukan kata atau phrase tetapi because of dan
syinonimnya, yaitu on account of, owing to, by
reason of, dan due to diikuti oleh kata atau phrase
bukan kalimat.
Contoh:
He
was absent from work because of (= karena) his sickness. (Simple
Sentence)
5.
Adv.
C of Concession
Conjunction-nya: although, though, even though,
in spite of the fact that, for all that, notwithstanding (the fact that)
(= meskipun).
Contoh:
▪
He
went out in spite of the fact that the weather was bad.
Catatan:
In
spite of the fact that dan
syinonimnya di atas diikuti oleh clause / kalimat bukan phrase
tetapi in spite of dan synonimnya, yaitu despite
dan for all diikuti oleh phrase bukan clause /
kalimat.
Contoh:
He
went out in spite of the bad weather.
6.
Adv.
C of Condition
Conjunction-nya: jika (= jika), unless
(= jika tidak / kecuali kalau), on condition that, /
provided that / providing that / as long as / so long as
(= asalkan).
Contoh:
▪
Type I (untuk waktu yang akan datang)
If I find
your pen, I shall
give it to you.
Verb 1 (V
1) V 1
▪
Type II (untuk waktu sekarang)
If I found
your pen, I should
give it to you.
V 2 V 1
▪
Type III (untuk waktu lampau)
If I had
found your pen,
I should have given it to you.
V 3 V 3
(=
Had I found your pen, I should
have given it to you)
V 3 V 3
Contoh
yang lain:
▪
Type I (untuk waktu yang akan datang)
If I have
much money, I shall buy
a laptop for you.
V 1
V 1
▪
Type II (untuk waktu sekarang)
If I had
much money, I should
buy a laptop for you.
V 2 V 1
Keterangan:
… had
… kata kerja penuh / V 2 yang berarti mempunyai.
▪
Type III (untuk waktu lampau)
If I had had
much money, I should have bought a laptop for you.
V
3
V 3
(=
Had I had much money, I should have bought a laptop for you)
V 3
V 3
Keterangan:
Had yang pertama kata kerja bantu, dan had yang
kedua kata kerja penuh / V 3 yang berarti mempunyai.
Catatan:
Jika
ada kata kerja penghubung be yang digunakan dalam Adv. C
yang type II, kata kerja penghubung be-nya were.
Contoh:
If He were
here, we should be happy. (Type II)
▪
Unless he does the work, he will not be paid.
▪
I
will accept the job offer provided that I am provided with
fringe benefits.
7.
Adv.
C of Contingency
Conjunction-nya: in case (= kalau
kalau)
Contoh:
▪
He
wore two watches in case either of them stopped.
8.
Adv.
C of Purpose
Conjunction-nya: so that (= sehingga), in
order that, (= agar / supaya), dan lest (= agar tidak).
Dalam
Adv. C of Purpose, setelah subyek digunakan might / may, should
/ shall, would / will, dan could / can.
Contoh:
▪
I
have written it very clearly so that they can read it very
easily.
▪
He
ran quickly in order that he might be late.
▪
She
went to the theatre early in order that she might get a seat.
(Complex Sentence)
Keterangan:
In
order that diikuti clause
/ kalimat bukan kata atau phrase tetapi bila in order
tidak diikuti oleh that, in order dapat diikuti
oleh to infinitive.
Contoh:
She
went to the theatre early in order / so as (= agar)
to get a seat. (Simple Sentence)
He
ran quickly in order (= agar) not to be late (= tidak
terlambat). (Simple Sentence)
9.
Adv.
C of Effect or Result
Conjunction-nya: so + adjective / adverb
+ that atau such + noun(s) + that
(= begitu … sehingga).
Contoh:
▪
The
weather was so warm that I did not wear a coat.
▪
We
arrived so early that we had to wait for over an hour.
▪
She
is such a shy person that she dislikes talking to
strangers.
10. Adv. C of Comparison
Conjunction-nya: as + adjective / adverb
+ as (= se…) / (= sama … dengan), than (= daripada) atau more
than (= lebih dari).
Contoh:
▪
He
is as tall as his father is.
▪
She
does it as well as I do.
▪
He
is taller than I am.
▪
She
likes you more than I do.
11. Adv. C of Proportion
▪
The
harder he worked, the happier he felt. (= Semakin …
semakin)
12. Adv. C of Reservation
Conjunction-nya: except that / except
for the fact that.
Contoh:
▪
It
is a good plan except that it misses out a visit to Yogyakarta.
(Complex Sentence)
Keterangan:
Except
that diikuti oleh clause / kalimat
bukan kata atau phrase tetapi except diikuti oleh kata
atau phrase bukan clause / kalimat.
Contoh:
They
went there except Jono and Joni. (Simple Sentence)
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